Defense Acquisition Research Journal Issue 95

January 2021

To establish an invariant system hierarchy for use in measuring both reason-based and experience-based technology trust, we introduce the anthropomorphic categories of hardware, algorithms, and links (HAL) as illustrated in Figure 1. To increase the value of this hierarchy, we further conceptualized a HAL score of trustworthiness. The values of each HAL metric are proposed to range from 0 to 100, and lead to an equally weighted maximum score (indi cating most trustworthy) of 300. Future research is needed to identify the weights for the HAL score to accurately reflect the overall impact on trust. Since field experimentation has not been conducted, we introduce the HAL categories in the experiment without any associated “score.” The HAL hier archy is used to organize system information and provide a framework for future experience-based trust proxy research as shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2. HAL SCORE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

INQUIRY

RISK

+PREDICTION (TAM)

- LAZY USER THEORY

REASON-BASED TECHNOLOGY TRUST (FACTORS)

EXPERIENCE-BASED TECHNOLOGY PROXY (HAL)

DIRECT EXPERIENCE

EXPERIENCE-BASED TECHNOLOGY TRUST (FACTORS)

The Experiment The experiment was conducted using factorial design. Two independent variables are used: system information and level of system control. The level of system information is varied between two conditions: Less Information (Less Info) and More Information (More Info). The Less Info condition presented system information using vendor-provided datasheets. The More Info condition introduced the same system information but carefully organized under the HAL hierarchy. The system control is varied between three levels: Direct, Remote, and Autonomous. Two dependent variables are used: (a) level of risk associated with the loss of a system attribute, and (b) trust, as measured by the TAM.

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Defense ARJ, January 2021, Vol. 28 No. 1 : 2-39